Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

All cells belong to one of the two groups:

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

The Prokaryote cell is a singled celled organism that lack a membrane nucleus  enclosing the DNA and membrane bound organelles, they have some organelles, but not many.

All Bacteria are prokaryotes. 

Bacteria maybe small but they are very powerful, it is use in our digestive system to help us digest our food. Also, Bacteria are decomposers and without them, all other organisms would not be able to  survive. Most importantly, we would not make cheese or yogurt with Bacteria!!! :(

In Bacteria, DNA is visible as a long, singles, irregularly shaped molecule. DNA is present as a single circular molecule and DNA is naked having no associated histone proteins.

The prokaryotic cells have three different shapes. Round (Spherical) , Oval (Rod-shaped) and Spiral.

Prokaryotes move using two things:

Flagella - long whip-like structures

Cilia - tiny hair-like structures

The Eukaryote cell is a more complex cell with a nucleus and many organelles. 

Eukaryotes all have a nucleus where the genetic material of the cell is stored, they have many organelles that work together to help the cell function

Many scientist believes that Eukaryotic cells evolve from the much smaller and less complex Prokaryotic cells. This is because they can be just one cell or can make up more complex multi-cellular organisms. 

All plants, animals, fungi and protists are Eukaryotic cells

There are two types of Eukaryotic cells:

Animal cells

Plant cells

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells 

- Main differences are structural 

Prokaryotes V.S. Eukaryotes


- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus while the Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus

Purpose of Nucleus:

Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome.


- Prokaryotes have cell walls made of peptidoglycan while Eukaryotes have cell walls, if present, made of cellulose 

 Purpose of cell wall:

Rigid peptidoglycan - polysaccharide coat that gives the cell shape and surround the cytoplasmic membrane, offers protection from environment

- Prokaryotes have Pili & Fimbriae for adhesion and Flagella for propulsion while Eukaryotes have Cilia or Flagella for movement

Purpose of Cilia and Flagella:

External appendages from the cell membrane that aid in locomotion of the cell. Cilia also help to move substance past the membrane.

 - Eukaryotic DNA is linear; Prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends)

Purpose of Genetic material (DNA) - a cell's blue print:

The genetic material (DNA) is stored in the nucleus and holds information in a cell need to reproduce itself

Prokaryotes have mucilaginous capsule while Eukaryotes does not

Purpose of Capsules:

Sometimes the cell wall is further surrounded by a gelatinous polysacchairde sheath

- The prokaryote cell size rangers from 0.5 um to 100 um while the Eukaryotes cell size ranges from 10 -  150 um

sources:

http://image.wistatutor.com/content/cell-unit-life/prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cell-structures.jpeg

http://www-jmg.ch.cam.ac.uk/tools/magnus/molecules/nucleic/dna1.jpg

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cells/paramecium_stained.jpg

http://scienceblogs.com/afarensis/upload/2006/03/flagella.jpg

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c8.27x3.bact.shapes.jpg

http://www.hubtesting.net/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/bacteria.94120838_std.jpg

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgilKi_j0FiK_b56D-rmsnZlNJuzwWV2aq4_TwLyKMRCnmFrD8T_GGQtlqZB8IUz0dJ7oa_4WaeM5bm-fPt7fNN7Ebl5tURIajRTRtMroL58CXWeQID2KzhBXxXcjQSaWem2i-f8ipxWtw/s400/EukaryoticCellLabeled.jpg

http://www.earthlife.net/prokaryotes/images/bacteria.gif

http://microbiology2009.wikispaces.com/file/view/fungi.jpg/73174089/fungi.jpg

http://www.adventurecollection.com/images/search_headers/activity_interests/main_animals_safari.jpg

http://www.glogster.com/media/4/20/61/79/20617994.gif

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg

http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/bact_dia.gif

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cells/allcell.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Eukaryota_cell_strucutre.PNG/250px-Eukaryota_cell_strucutre.PNG

http://www.slideshare.net/sth215/two-types-of-cells-eukaryotic-and-prokaryotic-cells

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68_0JLZzlR0&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWy4o_UfZ4A&feature=related

http://www.suite101.com/content/similarities-of-prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells-a93683

http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/prokeuk.htm

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/ciliaandflagella.html 

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080312042626AA6DAJt